International organizations (IOs) are typically formed through which of the following?

International organizations (IOs) are typically formed through international treaties among countries. This process allows nations to come together and agree upon specific goals, rules, and structures that will govern their collective actions. Treaties provide a formal, legally binding framework that establishes the organization's purpose, membership, and operational guidelines.

The significance of forming IOs through treaties lies in the commitment that member states make to work collaboratively on issues that affect them collectively, such as security, trade, human rights, and humanitarian assistance. This collective approach ensures a level of legitimacy and accountability, as the signatory nations have voluntarily agreed to uphold the organization's principles and objectives.

In contrast, unilateral decisions by powerful countries do not reflect a collaborative approach and often lack the consensus typically found in treaty agreements. Collaborative efforts between NGOs, while beneficial, focus on non-governmental organizations and do not constitute the formation of international organizations in the formal sense. Self-declaration of members does not provide the legal or operational foundation necessary for the establishment and functioning of an international organization.