Which agency is primarily responsible for protecting and assisting refugees?

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is the agency primarily responsible for the protection and assistance of refugees. Established in 1950, UNHCR's mandate is to safeguard the rights and well-being of those who have fled their home countries due to persecution, conflict, or violence. This agency plays a crucial role in providing legal protection, ensuring access to basic services, and facilitating durable solutions for refugees, such as resettlement or repatriation.

UNHCR's comprehensive approach includes advocacy for refugee rights, coordination of humanitarian assistance in cooperation with other organizations, and offering guidance to governments in implementing refugee protection policies. The specialized focus on refugees distinguishes UNHCR from other humanitarian organizations, making it the foremost entity in this field.

In contrast, each of the other agencies mentioned has distinct mandates that do not primarily focus on refugees. UNICEF concentrates on children's rights and welfare, the WHO is dedicated to global health initiatives, and the International Red Cross focuses on humanitarian assistance in conflict situations and disaster responses.